ممكن مساعدة في اليونكس (unix)

[prince241]

أريد شخص فنان
يشرح ال يونكس ببساطة . وأريد الاكواد الاساسية كيف أفتح ملف أغلق ملف أبحث عن ملف الى أخررررررررررره ...... .:نطوط:
مميزاتة اليونكس والفرق بينه وبين اللينكس ولو في شرح مبسط بالصور كووووويس . .:متفكر:

[foxoman]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله تعالى وبركاته ،،

اللينكس والينكس نظامان مختلفان لكن يشتركان في الاوامر حيث يسمى اللينكس unix-like لانه مبرمجة قام عند برمجة النواة بمحاكاة الاوامر الموجودة في الينكس ،،

من توزيات اليونكس الحالية هو BSD والماك وغيرها
من توزيعات اللينكس الحالية اوبينتو وفيدورا وسوزي وديبيان وسلاكوير وغيرها

لمتابعه مواضيع التيرمنال

شفرات comands عند استخدام terminal (http://www.s-oman.net/avb/showthread.php?t=165393)

- مواقع اجنبية

http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php

http://freeengineer.org/learnUNIXin10minutes.html

http://www.linuxcmd.org/

- مواقع عربية

http://www.linuxac.org/forum/showthread.php?t=1586

[foxoman]

المبادئ الاساسية :



alias (http://www.ss64.com/osx/alias.html) Create an alias
alloc List used and free memory
awk (http://www.ss64.com/osx/awk.html) Find and Replace text within file(s)
b
basename Convert a full pathname to just a folder path
bash (http://www.ss64.com/osx/bash.html) Bourne-Again SHell (Linux)
bless (http://www.ss64.com/osx/bless.html) Set volume bootability and startup disk options.
break (http://www.ss64.com/osx/break.html) Exit from a loop
c
cal (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cal.html) Display a calendar
case (http://www.ss64.com/osx/switch.html) Conditionally perform a command
cat (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cat.html) Display the contents of a file
cd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cd.html) Change Directory
chflags (http://www.ss64.com/osx/chflags.html) Change a file or folder's flags.
chgrp (http://www.ss64.com/osx/chgrp.html) Change group ownership
chmod (http://www.ss64.com/osx/chmod.html) Change access permissions
chown (http://www.ss64.com/osx/chown.html) Change file owner and group
chroot (http://www.ss64.com/osx/chroot.html) Run a command with a different root directory
cksum (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cksum.html) Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cmp.html) Compare two files
comm (http://www.ss64.com/osx/comm.html) Compare two sorted files line by line
complete (http://www.ss64.com/osx/complete.html) Edit a command completion [word/pattern/list]continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cp.html) Copy one or more files to another location
cron (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cron.html) Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab (http://www.ss64.com/osx/crontab.html) Schedule a command to run at a later date/time
cut (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cut.html) Divide a file into several parts
d
date (http://www.ss64.com/osx/date.html) Display or change the date & time
dc (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dc.html) Desk Calculator
dd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dd.html) Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
defaults (http://www.ss64.com/osx/defaults.html) The Mac OS X user defaults system.
df (http://www.ss64.com/osx/df.html) Display free disk space
diff (http://www.ss64.com/osx/diff.html) Display the differences between two files
diff3 (http://www.ss64.com/osx/diff3.html) Show differences among three files
dig (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dig.html) DNS lookup
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dirs.html) Display list of remembered directories
diskutil (http://www.ss64.com/osx/diskutil.html) Disk utilities - Format, Verify, Repair
ditto (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ditto.html) Copy files and folders
dot_clean Remove dot-underscore files
dscacheutil (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dscacheutil.html) Query or flush the Directory Service/DNS cache
dscl (http://www.ss64.com/osx/dscl.html) Directory Service command line utility
du (http://www.ss64.com/osx/du.html) Estimate file space usage
e
echo (http://www.ss64.com/osx/echo.html) Display message on screen
ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
enable (http://www.ss64.com/osx/enable.html) Stop or start printers and classes.
env (http://www.ss64.com/osx/env.html) Set environment and run a utility
eval (http://www.ss64.com/osx/eval.html) Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec (http://www.ss64.com/osx/exec.html) Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expect Programmed dialogue with interactive programs
Also see AppleScript (http://www.apple.com/applescript/)
expand (http://www.ss64.com/osx/expand.html) Convert tabs to spaces
expr (http://www.ss64.com/osx/expr.html) Evaluate expressions
f
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdisk (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fdisk.html) Partition table manipulator for Darwin UFS/HFS/DOS
find (http://www.ss64.com/osx/find.html) Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fmt.html) Reformat paragraph text
fold (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fold.html) Wrap text to fit a specified width
for (http://www.ss64.com/osx/for.html) Expand words, and execute commands
foreach (http://www.ss64.com/osx/foreach.html) Loop, expand words, and execute commands
fsck (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fsck.html) Filesystem consistency check and repair
fsaclctl (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fsaclctl.html) Filesystem enable/disable ACL support
fs_usage (http://www.ss64.com/osx/fs_usage.html) Filesystem usage (process/pathname)
ftp (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ftp.html) Internet file transfer program
g
GetFileInfo (http://www.ss64.com/osx/getfileinfo.html) Get attributes of HFS+ files
getopt (http://www.ss64.com/osx/getopt.html) Parse positional parameters
goto (http://www.ss64.com/osx/goto.html) Jump to label and continue execution
grep (http://www.ss64.com/osx/grep.html) Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups (http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html) Print group names a user is in
gzip (http://www.ss64.com/osx/gzip.html) Compress or decompress files
h
head (http://www.ss64.com/osx/head.html) Display the first lines of a file
hdiutil Manipulate iso disk images
history (http://www.ss64.com/osx/history.html) Command History
hostname Print or set system name
i
id (http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html) Print user and group names/id's
if (http://www.ss64.com/osx/if.html) Conditionally perform a command
info (http://www.ss64.com/osx/info.html) Help info
install (http://www.ss64.com/osx/install.html) Copy files and set attributes
j
jobs (http://www.ss64.com/osx/jobs.html) List active jobs
join (http://www.ss64.com/osx/join.html) Join lines on a common field
k
kextfind List kernel extensions
kill (http://www.ss64.com/osx/kill.html) Stop a process from running
l
l (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html) List files in long format (ls -l)
ll (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html) List files in long format, showing invisible files (ls -la)
less (http://www.ss64.com/osx/less.html) Display output one screen at a time
ln (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ln.html) Make links between files (hard links, symbolic links)
locate (http://www.ss64.com/osx/locate.html) Find files
logname Print current login name
login (http://www.ss64.com/osx/login.html) log into the computer
logout Exit a login shell (bye)
lpr (http://www.ss64.com/osx/lpr.html) Print files
lprm (http://www.ss64.com/osx/lprm.html) Remove jobs from the print queue
lpstat (http://www.ss64.com/osx/lpstat.html) Printer status information
ls (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html) List information about file(s)
lsbom (http://www.ss64.com/osx/lsbom.html) List a bill of materials file
lsof (http://www.ss64.com/osx/lsof.html) List open files
m
man Help manual
mkdir (http://www.ss64.com/osx/mkdir.html) Create new folder(s)
mkfifo (http://www.ss64.com/osx/mkfifo.html) Make FIFOs (named pipes)
more (http://www.ss64.com/osx/more.html) Display output one screen at a time
mount (http://www.ss64.com/osx/mount.html) Mount a file system
mv (http://www.ss64.com/osx/mv.html) Move or rename files or directories
n
net (http://www.ss64.com/osx/net.html) Manage network resources
networksetup Network and System Preferences
nice (http://www.ss64.com/osx/nice.html) Set the priority of a command
nohup (http://www.ss64.com/osx/nohup.html) Run a command immune to hangups

[foxoman]

المبادئ الاساسية :



o
onintr (http://www.ss64.com/osx/onintr.html) Control the action of a shell interrupt
open (http://www.ss64.com/osx/open.html) Open a file/folder/URL/Application
osascript (http://www.ss64.com/osx/osascript.html) Execute AppleScript
p
passwd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/passwd.html) Modify a user password
paste (http://www.ss64.com/osx/paste.html) Merge lines of files
pbcopy (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pbcopy.html) Copy data to the clipboard
pbpaste (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pbpaste.html) Paste data from the Clipboard
pico (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pico.html) Simple text editor
ping (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ping.html) Test a network connection
pkgutil List installed packages
pmset (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pmset.html) Power Management settings
popd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/popd.html) Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pr.html) Convert text files for printing
printenv (http://www.ss64.com/osx/printenv.html) Print environment variables
printf (http://www.ss64.com/osx/printf.html) Format and print data
ps (http://www.ss64.com/osx/ps.html) Process status
pushd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pushd.html) Save and then change the current directory
pwd (http://www.ss64.com/osx/pwd.html) Print Working Directory
q
quota (http://www.ss64.com/osx/quota.html) Display disk usage and limits
r
rcp (http://www.ss64.com/osx/rcp.html) Copy files between machines.
repeat (http://www.ss64.com/osx/repeat.html) Execute a command multiple times
rev (http://www.ss64.com/osx/rev.html) Reverse lines of a file
rm (http://www.ss64.com/osx/rm.html) Remove files
rmdir (http://www.ss64.com/osx/rmdir.html) Remove folder(s)
rpm (http://www.rpm.org/) Remote Package Manager
rsync (http://www.ss64.com/osx/rsync.html) Remote file copy - Sync file tree (also RsyncX (http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/macosx/16814))
s
say (http://www.ss64.com/osx/say.html) Convert text to audible speech
sched (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sched.html) Schedule a command to run at a later time.
screen (http://www.ss64.com/osx/screen.html) Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
screencapture (http://www.ss64.com/osx/screencapture.html) Capture screen image to file or disk
sdiff (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sdiff.html) Merge two files interactively
security Administer Keychains, keys, certificates and the Security framework
sed (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sed.html) Stream Editor
set (http://www.ss64.com/osx/set.html) Set a shell variable = value
setenv (http://www.ss64.com/osx/setenv.html) Set an environment variable = value
setfile (http://www.ss64.com/osx/setfile.html) Set attributes of HFS+ files
shift (http://www.ss64.com/osx/shift.html) Shift positional parameters
shutdown (http://www.ss64.com/osx/shutdown.html) Shutdown or restart OS X
sleep (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sleep.html) Delay for a specified time
softwareupdate (http://www.ss64.com/osx/softwareupdate.html) System software update tool
sort (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sort.html) Sort text files
split (http://www.ss64.com/osx/split.html) Split a file into fixed-size pieces
stop (http://www.ss64.com/osx/jobs.html) Stop a job or process
su (http://www.ss64.com/osx/su.html) Substitute user identity
sudo (http://www.ss64.com/osx/sudo.html) Execute a command as another user
sum (http://www.ss64.com/osx/cksum.html) Print a checksum for a file
switch (http://www.ss64.com/osx/switch.html) Conditionally perform a command
systemsetup Computer and display system settings
t
tail (http://www.ss64.com/osx/tail.html) Output the last part of files
tar (http://www.ss64.com/osx/tar.html) Tape ARchiver
tee (http://www.ss64.com/osx/tee.html) Redirect output to multiple files
test (http://www.ss64.com/osx/test.html) Condition evaluation
textutil (http://www.ss64.com/osx/textutil.html) Manipulate text files in various formats
time (http://www.ss64.com/osx/time.html) Measure Program Resource Use
touch (http://www.ss64.com/osx/touch.html) Change file timestamps
traceroute (http://www.ss64.com/osx/traceroute.html) Trace Route to Host
tr (http://www.ss64.com/osx/tr.html) Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tty (http://www.ss64.com/osx/tty.html) Print filename of terminal on stdin
type (http://www.ss64.com/osx/type.html) Describe a command
u
umask (http://www.ss64.com/osx/umask.html) Users file creation mask
umount (http://www.ss64.com/osx/umount.html) a device
unalias (http://www.ss64.com/osx/alias.html) Remove an alias
uname (http://www.ss64.com/osx/uname.html) Print system information
unexpand (http://www.ss64.com/osx/expand.html) Convert spaces to tabs
uniq (http://www.ss64.com/osx/uniq.html) Uniquify files
units (http://www.ss64.com/osx/units.html) Convert units from one scale to another
unset (http://www.ss64.com/osx/unset.html) Remove variable or function names
unsetenv (http://www.ss64.com/osx/unsetenv.html) Remove environment variable
users Print login names of users currently logged in
uuencode (http://www.ss64.com/osx/uuencode.html) Encode a binary file
uudecode (http://www.ss64.com/osx/uuencode.html) Decode a file created by uuencode
v
vi (http://www.ss64.com/osx/vi.html) Text Editor
w
wc (http://www.ss64.com/osx/wc.html) Print byte, word, and line counts
where (http://www.ss64.com/osx/where.html) Report all known instances of a command
which (http://www.ss64.com/osx/which.html) Locate a program file in the user's path
while (http://www.ss64.com/osx/while.html) Execute commands
who (http://www.ss64.com/osx/who.html) Print all usernames currently logged on
whoami (http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html) Print the current user id and name (id -un')
write (http://www.ss64.com/osx/write.html) Send a message to another user
x
xargs (http://www.ss64.com/osx/xargs.html) Execute utility - passing arguments
yes Print a string until interrupted

[foxoman]

الاوامر السابقة مرتبة ابجديا ،،
ايظا تابع هذه الدروس باللغة الانجليزية

http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/

هناك كتاب عربي عن اوامر اللينكس لكن موقع التحميل عطلان ، سابحث عنه ان شاء الله ،،


قمت بوضع مجموعة من الكتب هنا

كتاب "سطر الاوامر نظرة عن قرب" (http://www.s-oman.net/avb/showthread.php?t=346490)

[linuxLover]

مشكور اخوي foxoman على الشرح الوافي
حاب اضيف انه فيه اصدارة من اليونكس اسمها solaris هذي من انتاج شركة SUN
تستخدم بشكل واسع في الخوادم العملاقة (أبو 8 معالجات واكثر) في الشركات الكبيرة وتتميز بثباتها وامنها
وتشتغل بشكل اقوى على معالجات sparc من انتاج SUN واللي تتميز بقدرتها الكبيرة على معالجة البيانات

اللينكس انسب بكثير للاستخدام الشخصي بس ما يمنع انه يستخدم في الاغراض التجارية وكخادم للشبكات
اليونكس ما ينفع للاستخدام الشخصي لانه واجهة الاستخدام (GUI) رديئة على الرغم من قوة الاوامر (CLI)

[foxoman]

العفو اخي محب اللينكس ،،
واشكر لك اظافتك القيمة ،، وبالنسبة للسولارس هناك نسخه مكتبية مفتوحة المصدر وهي اوبن سولارس ، وتعمل بواجهة الجنوم ،،

عندما تعمل عليها تشعر وكأنك تتعامل مع احدى توزيعات اللينكس :) كما انها تدعم مختلف المنصات مثل PARC and x86 families of processor architectures: UltraSPARC, SPARC64, AMD64, Pentium, and Xeon EM64T.


http://opensolaris.org/os/

[linuxLover]

ايوا سمعت عنها قبل فترة بس ما رحت ادور عليها
تعبت من شكل ال CDE مال السولارس العادي في الدوام
جاري التحميل .. باجربها ;) .. شفت ديمو عنها شكلها رهيبة

مشكور اخوي

[foxoman]

بالتوفيق اخي ، وزين تخبرنا نتيجة تجربتك :)